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CLASSIFICATION
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LEAVES
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FLOWERS
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FRUIT
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STEM
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ECOLOGY
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CLASSIFICATION
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Common Name (Image)
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Scientific Name (Notes)
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Genus
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LV: Attachment
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LV: Shape
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LV: Edge
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LV: Apex/Base
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LV: Size/Surface
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FL: Petals/Sepals
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FL: Color
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FL: Arrangement
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FL: Size/Season
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FL: Stamen/Pistil/Ovary
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FR: Type
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FR: Color
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FR: Size/Season
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ST: Type/Size/Growth
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ST: Surface/Color
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ST: Buds/Roots
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EC: Edible
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EC: Habitat
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EC: Observations
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Common Name (Image)
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Scientific Name (Notes)
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Other Names
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Fascicles, Evergreen/Deciduous |
Acicular; Linear |
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CONE |
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Tree |
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| Balsam fir |
Abies balsamea |
Abies |
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Balsam fir |
Abies balsamea |
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| White fir |
Abies concolor |
Abies |
2-ranked |
acicular, flattened |
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1-3" blue-green |
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cone-papery scales |
green, purple |
3-5" |
tree, 125-150' |
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CO; Carson NF NM; Wasatch-Cache NF UT |
White fir |
Abies concolor |
concolor fir, Colorado white-fir, Rocky Mountains white fir |
| Alpine fir |
Abies lasiocarpa |
Abies |
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CO |
Alpine fir |
Abies lasiocarpa |
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| Red fir |
Abies magnifica |
Abies |
Crowded |
Curved upward |
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½"-1" |
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Cone |
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6-8" |
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Lake Tenaya, Yosemite NP, Sequoia NP |
Red fir |
Abies magnifica |
silvertip fir |
| Eastern larch |
Larix laricina |
Larix |
Whorled |
Acicular |
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Cone-papery scales |
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<1" |
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Eastern larch |
Larix laricina |
Tamarack |
| Norway spruce |
Picea abies |
Picea |
Alternate |
Acicular |
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<1" |
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Veneto Italy |
Norway spruce |
Picea abies |
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| Engelmann spruce |
Picea engelmanni |
Picea |
Alternate |
Acicular |
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<1", blue-green |
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cone, papery scales, wavy edge |
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thin, scaley |
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CO, SAnta Fe NF NM; Uinta NF UT |
Engelmann spruce |
Picea engelmanni |
white spruce, mountain spruce, silver spruce |
| White spruce |
Picea glauca |
Picea |
Alternate |
Acicular |
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<1" |
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Cone-papery scales |
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>1" |
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White spruce |
Picea glauca |
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| Black spruce |
Picea mariana |
Picea |
Alternate |
Acicular |
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<1" |
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Wetland |
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Black spruce |
Picea mariana |
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| Blue spruce |
Picea pungens |
Picea |
Alternate |
Acicular |
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<1", glaucous |
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cone |
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>2" |
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CO |
Blue spruce |
Picea pungens |
green spruce, white spruce, Colorado spruce, Colorado blue spruce |
| Red spruce |
Picea rubens |
Picea |
Alternate |
Acicular |
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<1" |
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Red spruce |
Picea rubens |
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Common Name (Image)
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Scientific Name (Notes)
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Genus
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LV: Attachment
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LV: Shape
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LV: Edge
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LV: Apex/Base
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LV: Size/Surface
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FL: Petals/Sepals
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FL: Color
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FL: Arrangement
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FL: Size/Season
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FL: Stamen/Pistil/Ovary
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FR: Type
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FR: Color
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FR: Size/Season
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ST: Type/Size/Growth
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ST: Surface/Color
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ST: Buds/Roots
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EC: Edible
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EC: Habitat
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EC: Observations
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Common Name (Image)
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Scientific Name (Notes)
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Other Names
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| Bristlecone pine |
Pinus aristata |
Pinus |
Whorled |
Acicular |
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>1" |
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Fruit raw; Stem raw |
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CO |
Bristlecone pine |
Pinus aristata |
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| Jack pine |
Pinus banksiana |
Pinus |
Whorled |
Palmate (2Pal), Acicular |
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>1" |
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Fruit raw; Stem raw |
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Jack pine |
Pinus banksiana |
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| Mexican pinyon pine |
Pinus cembroides |
Pinus |
Whorled |
Palmate (3Pal), Acicular |
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>1", Stomata lines |
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Cone-woody scales |
Brown |
>1" |
Tree, >6' |
Scaley, Brown; Red |
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Fruit raw |
oak-juniper |
Chiricahua NM AZ |
Mexican pinyon pine |
Pinus cembroides |
Mexican nut pine, Mexican stone pine, nut pine, three-leaved pinyon, stoneseed pinyon |
| Lodgepole pine |
Pinus contorta |
Pinus |
Whorled |
Palmate (2Pal), Acicular |
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>1" |
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Cone-woody scales, armed |
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1"-2" |
40' |
Gray |
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Fruit raw; Stem raw |
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UT; Mammoth, CA |
Lodgepole pine |
Pinus contorta |
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| Pinyon pine |
Pinus edulis |
Pinus |
Whorled |
Palmate (2Pal), Acicular |
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>1" |
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Tree |
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Fruit raw; Stem raw |
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AZ; Wasatch-Cache NF UT; Capitol Reef NP UT |
Pinyon pine |
Pinus edulis |
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| Apache pine |
Pinus engelmannii |
Pinus |
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Palmate (3Pal), Acicular |
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>12" |
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Tree, to 75' |
Reddish brown, furrowed |
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Coronado NF AZ |
Apache pine |
Pinus engelmannii |
Arizona longleaf pine, Engelmann pine |
| Limber pine |
Pinus flexilis |
Pinus |
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palmate (5Pal), acicular |
entire |
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cone |
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Santa Fe NF NM; Wasatch-Cache NF UT; Pike NF CO |
Limber pine |
Pinus flexilis |
Rocky Mountain white pine |
| Jeffrey pine |
Pinus jeffreyi |
Pinus |
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palmate (3pal) |
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cone, >6" |
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Sequoia NP |
Jeffrey pine |
Pinus jeffreyi |
yellow pine, black pine |
| Singleleaf pinyon |
Pinus monophylla |
Pinus |
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Acicular |
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>1" |
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Fruit raw; Stem raw |
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AZ; Capitol Reef NP UT |
Singleleaf pinyon |
Pinus monophylla |
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| Western white pine |
Pinus monticola |
Pinus |
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Palmate (5Pal) |
finely serrate |
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Cone-woody scales, unarmed |
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5"-12" |
150' |
Reddish brown |
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CA-Mammoth |
Western white pine |
Pinus monticola |
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| Longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Pinus |
Whorled |
Acicular |
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>1" |
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Fruit raw; Stem raw |
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LA |
Longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
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| Ponderosa pine |
Pinus ponderosa |
Pinus |
Whorled |
Palmate (3Pal), Acicular |
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>6" |
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Fruit raw; Stem raw |
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AZ; in front of white house by stream on road to Hopkins Forest |
Ponderosa pine |
Pinus ponderosa |
bull pine, blackjack pine, western yellow-pine, filipinus pine |
| Red pine |
Pinus resinosa |
Pinus |
Whorled |
Palmate (2Pal), Acicular |
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>6" |
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Fruit raw; Stem raw |
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Red pine |
Pinus resinosa |
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Common Name (Image)
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Scientific Name (Notes)
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Genus
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LV: Attachment
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LV: Shape
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LV: Edge
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LV: Apex/Base
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LV: Size/Surface
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FL: Petals/Sepals
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FL: Color
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FL: Arrangement
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FL: Size/Season
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FL: Stamen/Pistil/Ovary
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FR: Type
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FR: Color
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FR: Size/Season
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ST: Type/Size/Growth
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ST: Surface/Color
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ST: Buds/Roots
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EC: Edible
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EC: Habitat
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EC: Observations
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Common Name (Image)
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Scientific Name (Notes)
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Other Names
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| Pitch pine |
Pinus rigida |
Pinus |
Whorled |
Palmate (3Pal), Acicular |
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>1" |
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Fruit raw; Stem raw |
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Cape Cod |
Pitch pine |
Pinus rigida |
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| Eastern white pine |
Pinus strobus |
Pinus |
Whorled |
Palmate (5Pal), Acicular |
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>1" |
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Fruit raw; Stem raw |
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Eastern white pine |
Pinus strobus |
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| Scotch pine |
Pinus sylvestris |
Pinus |
Whorled |
Palmate (2Pal), Acicular |
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>1" |
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Fruit raw; Stem raw |
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Scotch pine |
Pinus sylvestris |
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| Douglas-fir |
Pseudotsuga menziesii |
Pseudotsuga |
short petiole, slightly twisted |
linear |
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cone papery, scale w/long, 3-pointed, exserted bracts |
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Fruit raw, Stem raw |
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WA; planted at Field Farm by pool; Wasatch-Cache NF UT |
Douglas-fir |
Pseudotsuga menziesii |
Oregon pine, Douglas spruce, Doug-fir, Douglas pine, Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir, lá:yelhp |
| Eastern hemlock |
Tsuga canadensis |
Tsuga |
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Stem raw |
Forest |
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Eastern hemlock |
Tsuga canadensis |
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| Western hemlock |
Tsuga heterophylla |
Tsuga |
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Stem raw |
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Western hemlock |
Tsuga heterophylla |
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Common Name (Image)
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Scientific Name (Notes)
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Genus
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LV: Attachment
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LV: Shape
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LV: Edge
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LV: Apex/Base
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LV: Size/Surface
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FL: Petals/Sepals
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FL: Color
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FL: Arrangement
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FL: Size/Season
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FL: Stamen/Pistil/Ovary
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FR: Type
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FR: Color
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FR: Size/Season
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ST: Type/Size/Growth
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ST: Surface/Color
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ST: Buds/Roots
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EC: Edible
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EC: Habitat
|
EC: Observations
|
Common Name (Image)
|
Scientific Name (Notes)
|
Other Names
|
|
CLASSIFICATION
|
LEAVES
|
FLOWERS
|
FRUIT
|
STEM
|
ECOLOGY
|
CLASSIFICATION
|
|
|